Trucker Forum - Trucking & Driving Forums - Class A Drivers

Trucker Forum - Trucking & Driving Forums - Class A Drivers (https://www.classadrivers.com/forum/)
-   Anything and Everything (https://www.classadrivers.com/forum/anything-everything-106/)
-   -   Holy hot! (https://www.classadrivers.com/forum/anything-everything/41535-holy-hot.html)

robertt 07-19-2011 09:21 AM

Holy hot!
 
The Associated Press: Midwest heat wave expected to persist this week 126 degrees! In Iowa! That's nut's.

Here's our forecast for the next 7 days here in OKC. We are on our 29th 100 degreee plus day, without heat index, and their is no end in sight. Thank goodness I work nights, I despise the heat. It's bad enough at night, I can't imagine being in it all day.

Having to tarp a load in this would really bite the big one too. When I hauled construction equipment I never had to tarp but just chaining down a load was bad enough in this type of heat.

http://services.trb.com/kfor/7day.jpg

Mr. Ford95 07-19-2011 10:07 AM

Yes it is bad chaining down in this heat. I was unloading a backhoe yesterday and it was only 93 here with an index of 105, I broke into a sweat just looking at it. Good luck with the heat, it's supposed to fully arrive here in the Mid-Atlantic tomorrow, gonna have to be careful myself. Had a heat stroke last year, nearly a year to the day when temps hit a high of 105 and the index topped 116-118 in the pine trees I was working in. Don't want to experience another heat stroke, one was enough.

Malaki86 07-19-2011 10:45 AM

I'm still at home in WV, towards Dallas tomorrow. The temp here is only 82, but the 'feels like' is currently 95. Just walking outside will completely drench me in sweat.

robertt 07-19-2011 06:20 PM


Originally Posted by Mr. Ford95 (Post 500477)
Yes it is bad chaining down in this heat. I was unloading a backhoe yesterday and it was only 93 here with an index of 105, I broke into a sweat just looking at it. Good luck with the heat, it's supposed to fully arrive here in the Mid-Atlantic tomorrow, gonna have to be careful myself. Had a heat stroke last year, nearly a year to the day when temps hit a high of 105 and the index topped 116-118 in the pine trees I was working in. Don't want to experience another heat stroke, one was enough.

I had one back in the 80's, dang near kilt myself, (young and dumb), I guess that's why I can't tolerate the heat anymore. I was up inside the tail of an airplane,(C-5), and just didn't realize what was happening before it was too late. Thank goodness for co-workers. Be careful Mr.Ford, that "muggy" heat out there is worse than here, which I know you already know. I lived in Delaware for 20yrs so I have experienced it.

robertt 07-19-2011 06:24 PM


Originally Posted by Malaki86 (Post 500478)
I'm still at home in WV, towards Dallas tomorrow. The temp here is only 82, but the 'feels like' is currently 95. Just walking outside will completely drench me in sweat.

I think it's like 300 degrees there.

Malaki86 07-19-2011 09:08 PM

Today (at home) the forecast is 92 deg with 67% humidity. Ughhhh

Mr. Ford95 07-19-2011 09:56 PM

That was me also Rob. I didn't realize how far along and in trouble I was until I noticed I had stopped sweating. If my brother hadn't been there I would have been 6 ft under. He helped me into his truck and cranked the AC, after 2 hours I had yet to feel as if I had cooled down while he was freezing his rear off. I was def. on the edge before I realized what was going on.

I think our humidity has been hovering around 70%, at 6 am it's currently 100% and 75 degrees.

Malaki86 07-19-2011 10:27 PM

I used to work in a factory in Winchester, VA. One summer it got ULTRA hot outside, let alone a huge building full of injection molding machines (walking outside into 95deg temps felt like an a/c). I started getting overheated and walked into the supervisors office (w/ ac) and sat down. He told me I had to get back to work, even if I was too hot. I made him call 911. That day, something like 50 of the other people in the same plant went to the hospital.

Luckily I had caught it early as well - only sat in the hospital about 14hrs or so (paid, btw).

Roadhog 07-20-2011 02:20 AM

getting some shade :lol:

http://i97.photobucket.com/albums/l2.../shadeinOK.jpg

[insert caption here] :rofl:

http://i97.photobucket.com/albums/l2...ter-mutter.jpg

MichiganDriver 07-20-2011 01:43 PM

99 forecast for Michigan for tomorrow. I've seen hotter up here, but not too many times.

golfhobo 07-20-2011 03:08 PM

So.... can I put y'all down as a YES on Global Warming now? :lol:

Mr. Ford95 07-20-2011 09:52 PM

Just for today and tomorrow you can Hobo:cool: After that it's back to anit-Global Warming.

It was extremely hot just like this last year here except we've had some rain this time mixed in. Last year we were in the middle of a small drought so it made it seem worse.

robertt 07-21-2011 01:15 AM

Lots of global warming in the 1800's and early 1900's :roll: Only 6 records were set after 1990 and only one of those was after 2000. Nothing new, it's gonna get hot and it's gonna get cold.

State high temperature records[/h]

State Temp Date Station Elevation (feet)
Ala. 112 Sept. 5, 1925 Centerville 345
Alaska 100 June 27, 1915 Ft. Yukon 420*
Ariz. 128 June 29, 1994 Lake Havasu 505
Ark. 120 Aug. 10, 1936 Ozark 396
Calif. 134 July 10, 1913 Death Valley N/A
Colo. 118 July 11, 1888 Bennett 5,484
Conn. 106 July 15, 1995 Danbury 450
Del. 110 July 21, 1930 Millsboro 20
Fla. 109 June 29, 1931 Monticello 207
Ga. 112 July 24, 1952 Louisville 132
Hawaii 100 April 27,1931 Pahala 850
Idaho 118 July 28, 1934 Orofino 1,027
Ill. 117 July 14, 1954 E. St Louis 410
Ind. 116 July 14, 1936 Collegeville 672
Iowa 118 July 20, 1934 Keokuk 614
Kansas 121 July 24, 1936 Alton 1,651
Ky. 114 July 28, 1930 Greensburg 581
La. 114 Aug. 10, 1936 Plain Dealing 268
Maine 105 July 10, 1911 N. Bridgton 450
Md. 109 July 10, 1936 Cumberland and Frederick 623, 325
Mass. 107 Aug. 2, 1975 New Bedford and Chester 120, 640
Mich. 112 July 13, 1936 Mio 963
Minn. 114 July 6, 1936 Moorhead 904
Miss. 115 July 29, 1930 Holly Springs 600
Mo 118 July 14, 1954 Warsaw and Union 705, 560
Mont. 117 July 5, 1937 Medicine Lake 1,950
Neb. 118 July 24, 1936 Minden 2,169
Nev. 125 June 29, 1994 Laughlin 605
N.H. 106 July 4, 1911 Nashua 125
N.J. 110 July 10, 1936 Runyon 18
N.M. 122 June 27, 1994 Lakewood N/A
N.Y. 108 July 22, 1926 Troy 35
N.C. 110 Aug. 21, 1983 Fayetteville 213
N.D. 121 July 6, 1936 Steele 1,857
Ohio 113 July 21, 1934 Gallipolis 673
Okla. 120 June 27, 1994 Tipton 1,350
Ore. 119 Aug. 10, 1898 Pendleton 1,074
Pa. 111 July 10, 1936 Phoenixville 100
R.I. 104 Aug. 2, 1975 Providence 51
S.C. 111 June 28, 1954 Camden 170
S.D. 120 July 15, 2006 Kelly Ranch/Usta 2,339
Tenn. 113 Aug. 9, 1930 Perryville 377
Texas 120 Aug. 12, 1936 Seymour 1,291
Utah 117 July 5, 1985 Saint George 2,880
Vt. 105 July 4, 1911 Vernon 310
Va. 110 July 15, 1954 Balcony Falls 725
Wash. 118 Aug. 5, 1961 Ice Harbor Dam 475 475
W. Va. 112 July 10, 1936 Martinsburg 435
Wis. 114 July 13, 1936 Wisconsin Dells 900
Wyo. 116 Aug. 8, 1983 Basin 3,500

Roadhog 07-21-2011 01:39 AM


Originally Posted by MichiganDriver (Post 500533)
99 forecast for Michigan for tomorrow.

...my part of mitchiegun is a good 15 degrees cooler than you, eh. :p

Sharlie 07-21-2011 03:00 AM

We are so mild for this time of year I believe we are hitting records for cold temps in my area. Global warming? Not in my neck of the woods.

robertt 07-21-2011 03:21 AM


Originally Posted by Sharlie (Post 500546)
We are so mild for this time of year I believe we are hitting records for cold temps in my area. Global warming? Not in my neck of the woods.

Where might that be? I saw the temps last week in Seattle and the highs were in the 60's and 70's. If only. If I could wake up every morning and it was snowing I would be happy. I love Fall and Winter.

Orangetxguy 07-21-2011 04:27 AM


Originally Posted by Mr. Ford95 (Post 500539)
Just for today and tomorrow you can Hobo:cool: After that it's back to anit-Global Warming.

It was extremely hot just like this last year here except we've had some rain this time mixed in. Last year we were in the middle of a small drought so it made it seem worse.

Here in Texas....we are in the middle of a LARGE drought. My thermometer showed 112 out in the mesquite bushes yesterday. Every step was a powder puff creator.

Kentla93 07-21-2011 07:17 AM


Originally Posted by golfhobo (Post 500534)
So.... can I put y'all down as a YES on Global Warming now? :lol:

Thats a good one Hobo,
Thanks for the laugh, You know damn well they are going to blame The Great King Obama for this heat..

Remember now it is not global warming anymore is is a global climate change...

And yes if you all look real hard towards the Western sky you might notice that it has dropped 2.5 feet since the last measurements were taken, Henny Penny told me so..

Timberwolf

Mr. Ford95 07-21-2011 08:00 AM

At 12:30 today it hit 93 degrees, humidity was 92% for a feels like temp of 123. Tomorrow it's supposed to be an index of 128-130 and up here as the air temp jumps over 100. We have not only the normal High Pressure system pumping in the heat the Midwest got, we have a Bermuda High that has pushed up over us and so we have ridiculous humidity mixed with it. I know I lost an easy 5 lbs today just working in the shop, now the trick is to gain it back and then some overnight.

Malaki86 07-21-2011 08:03 AM

I'm sitting at the T/A in Prescott, AR right now. The temp from the weather channel says it's 99 here. The thermometer on the truck says it's 116. Of course, that's what it actually feels like as soon as you open the doors.

The really bad part here is that my a/c (mainly the front unit) can't keep up with the heat from under the hood. The air is barely cool from the front vents. The sleeper a/c is 'ok', but nowhere near what it should be.

I'll be heading directly to our shop in Waxahachie tomorrow after I deliver in Dallas in the am.

MichiganDriver 07-21-2011 10:19 AM

I'm not about to tell anybody that they're dumb as a box of rocks but you know what??? I'm not going to say it. :moon:

Global warming does not mean that temps increase in a way that is even perceptible by man. 2 degrees over 100 years is not a perceptible change. So when it seems really, really hot or really, really cold it neither proves nor disproves global warming. So quit sounding like you're dumb as a box of rocks because you're not!

This is why climate change is the better term in my view. The weather is getting weird.

Btw, one simple bit of common sense for you:

If the climate change people are wrong and we make the mistake of heeding their advice? We get off foreign oil and that saves our economy (not to mention many, many lives).
If the climate change people are right and we make the mistake of not heeding their advice? Devastation and a crippled planet.

Edit: Just so you know - I'm not directing this rant at any one person, I'm directing it at everyone that gets their news from The Tabloid News Channel. They mock scientists so you'll feel smart and keep watching, that's how they make money.

robertt 07-21-2011 11:24 AM


Originally Posted by Orangetxguy (Post 500551)
Here in Texas....we are in the middle of a LARGE drought. My thermometer showed 112 out in the mesquite bushes yesterday. Every step was a powder puff creator.

Our drought is bad too. We are in the "extreme" level. I have taken to just taking the hose and turning it on and laying out in the yard. I have developed cracks in my walls and ceiling. It's getting pretty bad. Everybody is experiencing the same thing around here.

Malaki86 07-21-2011 11:32 AM

Remember awhile back when I said I had sent in a suggestion for a news story to my local tv station? They called me today and said they'll be going to a couple of truckstops tomorrow to interview drivers about the anti-idling laws. I had forgotten all about it, honestly.

robertt 07-21-2011 01:20 PM

http://image.weather.com/images/maps...nd_600x405.jpg

golfhobo 07-21-2011 02:38 PM


Originally Posted by Malaki86 (Post 500561)
Remember awhile back when I said I had sent in a suggestion for a news story to my local tv station? They called me today and said they'll be going to a couple of truckstops tomorrow to interview drivers about the anti-idling laws. I had forgotten all about it, honestly.

Tomorrow will be a REAL good day for it! I bet the reporters can't stand 2 mins in a sleeper of a truck that has been turned off for more than 20 mins!!

Keep track of it man. I want to read the articles (or see the videos) when they publish their story!

Graintrain 07-21-2011 03:17 PM

I'm usually home at night, but was off schedule due to fixing my A/C fan, so I stayed the night in the Texas panhandle Tuesday night. It was in the 90s well into the early morning hours. It only gets down to like 80 to 82 degrees in the mornings and its right at 100 by noon. The grass is pretty well dying here in northern OK, but out west from Woodward to Perryton Tx everything is dead as December, even the Gamma grass. Take it easy out there and remember that heat illnesses are from cumulative time in the heat, day after day.

golfhobo 07-21-2011 05:22 PM

Mr. Ford said:


Just for today and tomorrow you can Hobo:cool: After that it's back to anti-Global Warming.
Aw c'mon! You give only TWO days of "revenues??" I need tonight, tomorrow... the rest of the weekend... and MONDAY (cuz that's part of my weekend) in "cuts" to your "anti-global warming" stance. If I haven't convinced you by then.... you can go ahead and shut down the planet! :lol:


We have not only the normal High Pressure system pumping in the heat the Midwest got, we have a Bermuda High that has pushed up over us and so we have ridiculous humidity mixed with it.
The Bermuda High, strengthened by warming oceans (therefore MORE moisture or "humidity" embedded,) are pushing further into the eastern part of the country because the jet stream is closely approximating the U.S. - Canadian border right now. Since cold fronts usually follow the west side of the "stream," they are not anywhere NEAR the U.S. at the moment. Without cold fronts, humidity laden cloud masses produce much less (if any) rain. The "retrenchment" of the jet stream also explains why humidity from the gulf (and southern Pacific) has pushed HIGHER into the midwest (Texas, Oklahoma, even up to Iowa and above.) All that moisture in the air.... and so little rain (at the moment.) :roll:

900 records for "heat index" have been broken in the month of July alone! It doesn't TAKE a "record high temp" to prove global warming. The changes in weather PATTERNS, and ocean temps have MUCH more to do with it! .... EVEN with the recent record SNOWS!

Much more to come.

Mr. Ford95 07-21-2011 10:05 PM

Still not buying the global warming thing hobo, at least not the man made version. Not when I read on TWC almost daily of how in the early 1900's an area saw record temps, hot or cold. Sometimes you see dates closer to current time's but I've seen a lot between the 1920's and 1950's. Today's, 1926 in Troy, NY they set a record high of 108 degrees for the entire state. Everything works in cycles in the weather. At work we've been keeping track of the weather for the last 3 years. We've seen snow and rain within a day or two of the previous year. We've seen the hot and cold temps around the same dates as previous. I remember 5 years ago the loonies were yammering about global warming when it was 85 degrees on Dec. 24th and 90 on Jan. 2nd. Past 4 years it's been 30 degrees or less on those days which is closer to normal.

This humidity with that Bermuda High is exactly what Robert was talking about as far as knowing what it's like here. It feels like we're in Malaysia, it instantly saps your energy after a few minutes.

MichiganDriver 07-21-2011 10:28 PM

We're going to hell in a hand basket.

Record high temps don't mean anything. Record low temps don't mean anything. It's the average temps that matter. And even there, the average temps where you happen to live don't matter. The average temps at the poles are rising and the ice caps are melting.

Would anyone care to make a wager that come winter someone doesn't post on the forum about how some southern city just saw a record low and therefore global warming isn't real?

Orangetxguy 07-22-2011 05:18 AM


Originally Posted by MichiganDriver (Post 500581)
We're going to hell in a hand basket.

Record high temps don't mean anything. Record low temps don't mean anything. It's the average temps that matter. And even there, the average temps where you happen to live don't matter. The average temps at the poles are rising and the ice caps are melting.

Would anyone care to make a wager that come winter someone doesn't post on the forum about how some southern city just saw a record low and therefore global warming isn't real?

:bigthink:



Let me handle this for you....eliminate the suspense as it were!!! :bigthumbsup:


Global warming is not real!! :p Brownsville Texas saw 5 days of record cold and ice storms this past winter. :hellno:


:bigclap: :bigclap: :bigclap: :bigthumbsup:

Mr. Ford95 07-22-2011 08:31 AM

Global Warming is new? It's man-made? Hmmmmmm, Live Science says it took place 200 million years ago

Did a methane 'burp' clear way for dinosaurs? - Technology & science - Science - LiveScience - msnbc.com


The mass extinction that opened the door for the rise of the dinosaurs about 201 million years ago may have been caused by a spike in carbon pumped into the atmosphere — most likely by methane released from the seafloor, a new study indicates.

This spike appears to have accelerated the climate change already under way, ultimately leading to the end-Triassic extinction, the researchers say.

Scientists already suspected that rapid warming and changes to ocean chemistry at the time killed off the dinosaurs' competitors, allowing their era to begin.
And yet here we are 200 million years later and it appears the same thing could be happening again. Earth has survived Global Warming before, it will still survive long past us(you and I.) There isn't a whole heck of a lot we can do to change it either so stop buying into this Carbon Credit BS Al Gore is spouting off about. Stop buying into how we can save the planet by reducing our carbon footprint, it's gonna happen and Earth will survive.

Orangetxguy 07-22-2011 10:47 AM


Originally Posted by Mr. Ford95 (Post 500610)
Global Warming is new? It's man-made? Hmmmmmm, Live Science says it took place 200 million years ago

Did a methane 'burp' clear way for dinosaurs? - Technology & science - Science - LiveScience - msnbc.com



And yet here we are 200 million years later and it appears the same thing could be happening again. Earth has survived Global Warming before, it will still survive long past us(you and I.) There isn't a whole heck of a lot we can do to change it either so stop buying into this Carbon Credit BS Al Gore is spouting off about. Stop buying into how we can save the planet by reducing our carbon footprint, it's gonna happen and Earth will survive.


I work on my "carbon foot print" every single day. Some days harder than others!! One day I might just haul one load.....another day I might haul three loads. :p

When I am at work, I smell the "carbon" in the air....and I know that there is MONEY to be made!! :lol2: :clap: :lol2:

Today I took a day off.....so no carbon foot print. :lol:


FYI............ I now haul raw liquid Dinosaur!! ( This is for the Gorites......... :moon: :moon: :moon: :moon: )

mitchno1 07-22-2011 05:36 PM


Originally Posted by golfhobo (Post 500534)
So.... can I put y'all down as a YES on Global Warming now? :lol:

except me it freezeing in our part of the world lol

MichiganDriver 07-22-2011 07:45 PM


Originally Posted by Mr. Ford95 (Post 500610)
Global Warming is new? It's man-made? Hmmmmmm, Live Science says it took place 200 million years ago

Did a methane 'burp' clear way for dinosaurs? - Technology & science - Science - LiveScience - msnbc.com



And yet here we are 200 million years later and it appears the same thing could be happening again. Earth has survived Global Warming before, it will still survive long past us(you and I.) There isn't a whole heck of a lot we can do to change it either so stop buying into this Carbon Credit BS Al Gore is spouting off about. Stop buying into how we can save the planet by reducing our carbon footprint, it's gonna happen and Earth will survive.

Yes earth will survive global warming. I don't think that's the point. The point is will the people on earth survive global warming? Do you get the difference????????????????????

So... Our learned scientists report that global warming happened 200 million years ago and you believe them. Our learned scientists report that global warming is happening right here and now and it's caused by man and you don't believe them? With all due respect you're making no sense.

robertt 07-22-2011 08:51 PM


Originally Posted by MichiganDriver (Post 500639)
Yes earth will survive global warming. I don't think that's the point. The point is will the people on earth survive global warming? Do you get the difference????????????????????

So... Our learned scientists report that global warming happened 200 million years ago and you believe them. Our learned scientists report that global warming is happening right here and now and it's caused by man and you don't believe them? With all due respect you're making no sense.

Maybe you can set down your own box of rocks long enough to read this and maybe it will clear it up/make sense......I doubt it, but juuusst maybe:

List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

MichiganDriver 07-22-2011 09:30 PM


Originally Posted by robertt (Post 500645)
Maybe you can set down your own box of rocks long enough to read this and maybe it will clear it up/make sense......I doubt it, but juuusst maybe:

List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


From: Global warming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Global warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. This finding is recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries and is not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.

Of course there are individual dissenters, there always are. In many cases their motivation can be traced to money. Dow Chemical funds many things and I hear the payday is sa-weeeeeeet!

I think it's silly to try and out-science scientists. It takes one hell of an ego to disagree with a specialist when you know almost nothing about the subject matter (assuming you know as little as I do). If you do know a great deal about it then why are you on this forum?

Mr. Ford95 07-23-2011 01:02 AM

It's not man-made Michigan, that is what I disagree with. We have done nothing to make it happen, it was already going to happen and there ain't anything we can do differently.

You say those scientists opposing Global Warming are being paid well, funny because some of the scientists for Global Warming have been linked to being paid well also by companies who have a ton to gain if man-made Global Warming is proved real. Have you forgotten all those scientists that got caught falsifying their studies? Every single one of them said man-made Global Warming was real and happening, turned out they falsified their numbers. How many opposing scientists have been caught falsifying their numbers?

robertt 07-23-2011 01:24 AM

Possible Conspiracy To Falsify Temperature Data Uncovered | NewsBusters.org

Congress May Probe Leaked Global Warming E-Mails - Taking Liberties - CBS News

Skeptics claim global warming is fake after top scientists’ emails hacked at CRU | Grist

and on and on and on and on...........

Mr. Ford95 07-23-2011 01:58 AM

Not to mention how everyone started clamoring after the record 2005 hurricane season that man-made Global Warming was real and causing such an increase in hurricane activity. The scientists said we would continue to see an increase in hurricane activity along with an increase in severe hurricane's, that 2005 was just the start. Here 6 years later we've seen nothing but normal to below normal seasons even though every year they predict that we will see an above normal number of storms.

robertt 07-23-2011 02:39 AM

Here's another FARCE to the man made global warming, box of rock carryin, nutjobs, depending on who you talk to of course


Canada's growing polar bear population 'becoming a problem,' locals say - Orlando Seminole County Environmental News | Examiner.com

Federal Polar Bear Research Critically Flawed, Forecasting Expert Asserts

I took this out of Wikepedia:

Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today.[SUP][127][/SUP][SUP][128][/SUP] Some estimates of the global population are around 5,000–10,000 in the early 1970s;[SUP][129][/SUP] other estimates were 20,000–40,000 during the 1980s.[SUP][31][/SUP][SUP][44][/SUP] Current estimates put the global population at between 20,000 and 25,000.[SUP][26][/SUP]
There are several reasons for the apparent discordance between past and projected population trends: Estimates from the 1950s and 1960s were based on stories from explorers and hunters rather than on scientific surveys.[SUP][130][/SUP][SUP][131][/SUP] Second, controls of harvesting were introduced that allowed this previously overhunted species to recover.[SUP][130][/SUP] Third, the recent effects of climate change have affected sea ice abundance in different areas to varying degrees.[SUP][130][/SUP]
Debate over the listing of the polar bear under endangered species legislation has put conservation groups and Canada's Inuit at opposing positions;[SUP][28][/SUP] the Nunavut government and many northern residents have condemned the U.S. initiative to list the polar bear under the Endangered Species Act.[SUP][132][/SUP][SUP][133][/SUP] Many Inuit believe the polar bear population is increasing, and restrictions on sport-hunting are likely to lead to a loss of income to their communities.[SUP][28[/SUP]


and on and on and on............


All times are GMT -12. The time now is 05:53 AM.


Copyright © 2026 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved